【摘要】：人為什么會服從統(tǒng)治?這是法哲學(xué)與政治理論中皆須面對的基本難題,而韋伯的"正當(dāng)性"理論即是對此問題獨特闡釋。得益于帕森斯的譯介和詮釋,韋伯對于正當(dāng)性問題的探討在英語學(xué)術(shù)界產(chǎn)生了廣泛的影響,并啟發(fā)學(xué)者們以實證科學(xué)的態(tài)度來考察國家獲取民眾支持的能力。學(xué)者們一方面將韋伯與尼采、馬克思、黑格爾、托克維爾、盧梭、霍布斯甚至馬基雅維利進(jìn)行對比研究,力圖發(fā)現(xiàn)韋伯在國家理論變遷過程中所處的位置。另一方面則從韋伯時代的德國政治問題入手,以期理解韋伯政治思想的現(xiàn)實旨趣。對以上兩種研究路徑而言,韋伯的"正當(dāng)性"問題都是無法繞開的討論主題。"正當(dāng)性"問題在今天依然能激起熱烈的爭論,這也說明了,"正當(dāng)性"問題不僅具有理論意義也具有現(xiàn)實意義。受以上兩種研究路徑的啟示,本文力圖探尋韋伯提出正當(dāng)性問題的意圖和語境。為此,本文將著重分析韋伯思想所具有的三重視角:第一個層面,將韋伯的"正當(dāng)性"問題放在當(dāng)時德國的政治背景之下,考察韋伯提出"正當(dāng)性"問題的現(xiàn)實意圖。第二個層面,將"正當(dāng)性"問題放在韋伯對歐洲民族國家發(fā)展史的研究背景之下,考察正當(dāng)性問題與法律理性化、官僚科層制擴張等議題之間的關(guān)聯(lián)。第三個層面,將"正當(dāng)性"問題放入現(xiàn)代社會"諸神相爭"的情境下進(jìn)行考察,討論在"上帝之死"的歷史背景下,韋伯的工作在何種程度上涉及重新為世俗秩序奠立正當(dāng)性基礎(chǔ)這一問題。三重視角層層遞進(jìn),體現(xiàn)了韋伯個人苦惱與德國政治困局的密切相關(guān)性——德國問題的復(fù)雜性恰恰在于其同時面對這三個層次的危機。本文認(rèn)為,"正當(dāng)性"問題盡管以韋伯對于正當(dāng)性支配的三種分類為核心內(nèi)容,但也并不局限于此,它涉及制度建構(gòu)、意識形態(tài)建構(gòu)和個體倫理塑造等多個層面,并將法律與政治密切的串連在一起。而本文最終試圖論證,韋伯的"正當(dāng)性"問題,不僅體現(xiàn)了其對政治和法律問題的深度關(guān)懷,也有助我們更深入地理解政治和法律之間存在的復(fù)雜關(guān)聯(lián)。
[Abstract]:Why do people obey the rule? This is a basic problem in both legal philosophy and political theory, and Weber's "legitimacy" theory is a unique explanation of this problem. Thanks to Parsons' translation and interpretation, Weber's approach to legitimacy has had a wide range of implications in the English academic community, and inspired scholars to examine the country's ability to gain public support in an empirical scientific manner. On the one hand, scholars compare Weber with Nietzsche, Marx, Hegel, Tocqueville, Rousseau, Hobbes and even Machiavelli in order to find out the position of Weber in the process of state theory change. On the other hand, it starts with the German political problems in Weber's time in order to understand the realistic purport of Weber's political thought. Weber's legitimacy is an inescapable topic for both approaches. The question of legitimacy can still arouse heated debate today, which also shows that the issue of legitimacy has not only theoretical significance but also practical significance. Inspired by the above two research paths, this paper tries to explore Weber's intention and context to raise the question of legitimacy. Therefore, this paper will focus on the analysis of the three perspectives of Weber's thought: the first level, Weber's "legitimacy" in the political context of Germany at that time, to examine Weber put forward the "legitimacy" of the realistic intention. In the second level, the question of "legitimacy" is put under the background of Weber's research on the history of European nation-state development, and the connection between the issue of legitimacy and legal rationalization and the expansion of bureaucratic hierarchy is investigated. At the third level, the question of "legitimacy" is put into the context of "the struggle of the gods" in modern society, and the historical background of "the death of God" is discussed. To what extent Weber's work involves reestablishing the legitimacy of the secular order. The three angles of view show that Weber's personal distress is closely related to Germany's political difficulties-the complexity of the German problem lies in the crisis of these three levels at the same time. This paper holds that the problem of "legitimacy" is not limited to Weber's three classifications of legitimacy. It involves the construction of institution, the construction of ideology and the shaping of individual ethics, and so on. And the law and politics are closely linked together. Finally, this paper tries to prove that Weber's "legitimacy" not only reflects his deep concern for political and legal issues, but also helps us to understand the complex relationship between politics and law.
【作者單位】： 《文化縱橫》雜志社;
【分類號】：D90

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