【摘要】：縱觀世界,全球化的經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來(lái)了全球性的問(wèn)題,同時(shí)也帶來(lái)了全球治理理論。立足中國(guó),經(jīng)濟(jì)制度的快速發(fā)展,多樣化社會(huì)問(wèn)題的涌現(xiàn),依法治國(guó)的不斷推進(jìn),都給中國(guó)法制建設(shè)提出了新的要求和挑戰(zhàn)。因此,完備法律制度以及完善法治建設(shè)成為法學(xué)理論研究中的一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)話題。中國(guó)正處在社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型期,將實(shí)行由計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)體制向市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的改革,人們的生活方式、行為方式以及價(jià)值理念也會(huì)隨之發(fā)生變化。而法律作為調(diào)整社會(huì)的有效手段和有力工具,不但要適應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的轉(zhuǎn)軌,還要適應(yīng)人們思想的轉(zhuǎn)變。在人們的主體意識(shí)逐漸增強(qiáng),公眾的利益訴求逐漸高漲的情形下,以硬法為主導(dǎo)的國(guó)家統(tǒng)治型管理模式已越來(lái)越表現(xiàn)出不足。而以軟法為主要標(biāo)志的治理型模式以其協(xié)商性和靈活性彰顯出越來(lái)越大的優(yōu)越性。 然而由于種種原因,軟法還未引起法學(xué)研究者的足夠重視,法學(xué)界對(duì)軟法的探究也還處在初級(jí)階段。因此,本課題將以軟法為研究對(duì)象,結(jié)合中國(guó)現(xiàn)代法治的現(xiàn)狀,綜合運(yùn)用歷史分析法、博弈論法、系統(tǒng)分析法以及社會(huì)學(xué)分析法來(lái)完成寫(xiě)作。首先,界定軟法的概念并區(qū)別認(rèn)識(shí)軟法,力圖對(duì)軟法有一個(gè)總體的概括和認(rèn)識(shí)。其次,從國(guó)際和國(guó)內(nèi)兩方面來(lái)追溯軟法的形成,力圖進(jìn)一步把握軟法的來(lái)龍去脈,加之分析軟法的社會(huì)價(jià)值、政治價(jià)值、經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值以及文化價(jià)值,以求引起人們對(duì)軟法的重視,尤其是法學(xué)研究者的關(guān)注。再次,將軟法置于中國(guó)現(xiàn)代法治建設(shè)的熔爐中,比較、博弈軟法與硬法(國(guó)家制定法),以期進(jìn)一步明確軟法的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和不足,從而使軟法揚(yáng)長(zhǎng)避短。最后,通過(guò)研究軟法、分析軟法,力圖完善法律,促進(jìn)法制,啟示法治。 在中國(guó)這樣一個(gè)多民族的文化大國(guó),試圖想通過(guò)單一的方式調(diào)節(jié)社會(huì)問(wèn)題和社會(huì)矛盾是不切實(shí)際的,想完全依靠硬法來(lái)包羅萬(wàn)象,運(yùn)籌帷幄也是不可能的。通過(guò)研究軟法,我們更加清楚法治不是單純的法制,更不能局限于硬法之治。有很多社會(huì)規(guī)范是植根于社會(huì)生活中,經(jīng)過(guò)反復(fù)試用,并且已經(jīng)被社會(huì)共同體所認(rèn)可和接納。因此,這些規(guī)范有著一定的權(quán)威性、穩(wěn)定性以及延續(xù)性。所以說(shuō),要實(shí)現(xiàn)法律的實(shí)效,不可僅僅依靠國(guó)家制定法(硬法)的強(qiáng)制力,還需要依賴國(guó)家之外共同體的認(rèn)同力。只有吸納、轉(zhuǎn)化社會(huì)中的規(guī)則為合法、成文的國(guó)家法,才可以創(chuàng)制出適合中國(guó)本土國(guó)情、蘊(yùn)含中國(guó)本土精神的法律。這樣的法律才可以更好地體現(xiàn)法律與人、法律與自然的和諧,才可以實(shí)現(xiàn)懲罰與教育之間的互動(dòng),才可以保障法律與社會(huì)的穩(wěn)定。因此,在中國(guó)現(xiàn)代法治建設(shè)過(guò)程中研究軟法有著不可估量的重大意義。
[Abstract]:Throughout the world, the global economy has brought global problems, but also brought the theory of global governance. Based on China, the rapid development of economic system, the emergence of diversified social problems, and the continuous promotion of the rule of law, all of them have put forward new requirements and challenges to the construction of China's legal system. Therefore, perfecting the legal system and improving the construction of the rule of law has become a hot topic in the study of legal theory. China is in a period of social transformation, it will carry out the reform from planned economy to market economy, and the way of life, behavior and value of people will also change with it. As an effective means and powerful tool to adjust the society, the law should not only adapt to the transition of economic system, but also adapt to the change of people's thinking. Under the situation that people's subjective consciousness is gradually strengthened and the public's interest demand is rising gradually, the national ruling management mode, which is dominated by hard law, has been more and more inadequate. The governance model with soft law as the main symbol shows more and more advantages because of its negotiation and flexibility. However, due to various reasons, soft law has not attracted enough attention from legal researchers, and the exploration of soft law is still in the primary stage. Therefore, this subject will take soft law as the research object, combine with the present situation of Chinese modern rule of law, synthetically use historical analysis method, game theory method, system analysis method and sociological analysis method to complete the writing. Firstly, it defines the concept of soft law and distinguishes between soft law and soft law, and tries to generalize and understand soft law as a whole. Secondly, from the international and domestic aspects to trace the formation of soft law, trying to further grasp the background of soft law, coupled with the analysis of soft law's social value, political value, economic value and cultural value, in order to cause people to pay attention to soft law. Especially the attention of legal researchers. Thirdly, the soft law is put into the melting pot of the construction of Chinese modern rule of law, and compared, the game soft law and the hard law (the state formulation law), in order to further clarify the advantages and disadvantages of the soft law, so as to make the soft law take advantage of the weak points and avoid the weaknesses. Finally, through studying soft law, analyzing soft law, trying to perfect law, promote legal system, enlighten rule of law. It is impractical to try to adjust social problems and social contradictions in a single way in a country of multi-national culture such as China. By studying soft law, we know more clearly that the rule of law is not a simple legal system, nor can it be confined to hard law governance. There are many social norms rooted in social life, after repeated trial, and has been recognized and accepted by the social community. Therefore, these norms have certain authority, stability and continuity. Therefore, in order to achieve the effectiveness of the law, we should not only rely on the coercive force of the national law (hard law), but also rely on the recognition of the community outside the country. Only by absorbing and transforming the rules of the society into legal and written national laws can we create laws suitable to the local conditions of China and contain the spirit of China. This kind of law can better reflect the harmony between law and man, the harmony between law and nature, the interaction between punishment and education, and the stability of law and society. Therefore, it is of great significance to study soft law in the process of China's modern legal construction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D920.0

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