宋代赦降制度的法律分析
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-28 11:58
【摘要】：宋代赦降,在制度類型、頒布次數(shù)、程序完善等方面較前代均有所發(fā)展與創(chuàng)新,達(dá)到中國古代赦宥制度發(fā)展的頂峰。本論文在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上,從以下五個方面分析宋代的赦降制度： 一、在赦降的分類上,通過分析宋代赦降傳統(tǒng)四大分類法中的制度重疊和邏輯漏洞,結(jié)合現(xiàn)代法學(xué)理論,以其效力范圍廣狹為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),重新將宋代赦降制度分為“大赦”和“特赦”兩大類�！按笊狻焙汀疤厣狻庇址謩e分為兩小類。 二、從赦降的發(fā)起、赦書的起草、赦降的頒宣、赦書的傳遞、地方的承接和宣行五個階段考察了宋代一整套保證赦降正常運(yùn)行的法律制度。具體分析了赦降的發(fā)起中皇帝主動提起和臣僚議請兩大情形；將赦書的起草分為赦書內(nèi)容的擬定、首尾詞的起草、赦書的謄錄三個基本步驟；在赦書的傳遞上,宋代律法有詳細(xì)的關(guān)于赦書傳遞速度、方法等規(guī)定；最后分析了地方官員承接中央赦書的儀式,以及對赦書存檔并繼續(xù)向民眾傳遞赦降信息等。 三、從時間效力、空間效力、對人效力、對事效力四個角度分析了宋代赦降的法律效力。分析了宋代對“赦宥期限”兩種不同的規(guī)定模式；闡釋了赦降所及地域在王朝初期、中期和末期的極大差異性；通過統(tǒng)計北宋曲赦次數(shù)、地域和赦由,分析了宋代曲赦在地域上高度集中的特征；在對人效力、對事效力上,細(xì)致闡釋了宋代赦文中諸如“已結(jié)正、未結(jié)正”、“已發(fā)覺、未發(fā)覺”、“限赦到百日內(nèi)陳首”、“常赦所不免”等法律慣用語。 四、將宋代赦降的法律效果分為刑事法律效果、行政和民事法律效果以及對官員的法律效果。刑事上著重分析赦降對主刑和從刑不同的法律效果,以及赦免刑罰后存在的“移鄉(xiāng)”等一系列問題；行政和民事上主要從減放公家租稅和免除民間私債兩個方面進(jìn)行闡述：赦降對于官僚階層的影響主要從對一般官僚階層的推恩和對左降官的量移兩個角度進(jìn)行分析。 五、余論部分簡略分析了恩赦制度之所以行兩千年而不廢的原因,并且著重分析了赦宥制度在宋代達(dá)到頂峰的特殊時代背景。
[Abstract]:In the Song Dynasty, the system type, the times of promulgation and the perfection of the procedure were all developed and innovated compared with the previous dynasties, which reached the peak of the development of the system of pardon and forgiveness in ancient China. On the basis of previous studies, this paper analyzes the amnesty and drop system in Song Dynasty from the following five aspects: first, in the classification of amnesty and drop, through the analysis of the system overlap and logical loopholes in the four traditional classification of amnesty in Song Dynasty. On the basis of modern legal theory and its wide scope of validity, the system of amnesty and subordination in Song Dynasty is reclassified into two categories: amnesty and amnesty. "Amnesty" and "amnesty" are divided into two small categories. Second, from the initiation of amnesty, the drafting of amnesty books, the publication of amnesty, the transmission of amnesty books, and the acceptance and implementation of local governments, this paper examines a set of legal systems to ensure the normal operation of amnesty in the Song Dynasty. It analyzes the two major situations of the emperor's initiative to raise and the minister's staff to discuss in the launching of the amnesty, and divides the drafting of the amnesty book into three basic steps: the drafting of the contents of the amnesty book, the drafting of the first and last words, and the transcription of the amnesty book; and the transmission of the amnesty book. The law of Song Dynasty has detailed regulations on the speed and method of transferring amnesty books. Finally, it analyzes the ceremony of local officials to accept the central amnesty books, as well as the archiving of amnesty books and the continued transmission of amnesty information to the public. Thirdly, it analyzes the legal effect of amnesty in Song Dynasty from four angles: time effect, space effect, human effect and matter effect. This paper analyzes on the two different prescriptive models of "the period of pardon and forgiveness" in the Song Dynasty, explains the great differences between the regions covered by the amnesty in the early, middle and late periods of the dynasty, and counts the times, regions and reasons of the amnesty in the Northern Song Dynasty. This paper analyzes on the characteristics of high concentration of qu amnesty in the Song Dynasty, in terms of its effect on people and matters, it explains in detail the text of the amnesty in Song Dynasty, such as "completed, not completed", "discovered, not discovered", "restricted to the first of a hundred days," Legal idioms such as "always pardoning". Fourth, the legal effect of amnesty in Song Dynasty is divided into criminal legal effect, administrative and civil legal effect and legal effect to officials. From the criminal point of view, the author focuses on the analysis of the different legal effects of amnesty on the principal punishment and the subordinate punishment, as well as a series of problems such as "moving the countryside" after the pardon of the penalty. Administrative and civil aspects mainly from the reduction of public rental tax and exemption from private debt two aspects: the impact of amnesty on the bureaucratic stratum mainly from the general bureaucracy of the promotion of the two angles and the amount of the transfer of officials to the left to carry on the analysis. Fifth, the last part briefly analyzes the reason why the amnesty system has not been abolished in the year 2000, and emphatically analyzes the special background of the special era when the system of pardon and pardon reached its peak in the Song Dynasty.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D929;D924.1
[Abstract]:In the Song Dynasty, the system type, the times of promulgation and the perfection of the procedure were all developed and innovated compared with the previous dynasties, which reached the peak of the development of the system of pardon and forgiveness in ancient China. On the basis of previous studies, this paper analyzes the amnesty and drop system in Song Dynasty from the following five aspects: first, in the classification of amnesty and drop, through the analysis of the system overlap and logical loopholes in the four traditional classification of amnesty in Song Dynasty. On the basis of modern legal theory and its wide scope of validity, the system of amnesty and subordination in Song Dynasty is reclassified into two categories: amnesty and amnesty. "Amnesty" and "amnesty" are divided into two small categories. Second, from the initiation of amnesty, the drafting of amnesty books, the publication of amnesty, the transmission of amnesty books, and the acceptance and implementation of local governments, this paper examines a set of legal systems to ensure the normal operation of amnesty in the Song Dynasty. It analyzes the two major situations of the emperor's initiative to raise and the minister's staff to discuss in the launching of the amnesty, and divides the drafting of the amnesty book into three basic steps: the drafting of the contents of the amnesty book, the drafting of the first and last words, and the transcription of the amnesty book; and the transmission of the amnesty book. The law of Song Dynasty has detailed regulations on the speed and method of transferring amnesty books. Finally, it analyzes the ceremony of local officials to accept the central amnesty books, as well as the archiving of amnesty books and the continued transmission of amnesty information to the public. Thirdly, it analyzes the legal effect of amnesty in Song Dynasty from four angles: time effect, space effect, human effect and matter effect. This paper analyzes on the two different prescriptive models of "the period of pardon and forgiveness" in the Song Dynasty, explains the great differences between the regions covered by the amnesty in the early, middle and late periods of the dynasty, and counts the times, regions and reasons of the amnesty in the Northern Song Dynasty. This paper analyzes on the characteristics of high concentration of qu amnesty in the Song Dynasty, in terms of its effect on people and matters, it explains in detail the text of the amnesty in Song Dynasty, such as "completed, not completed", "discovered, not discovered", "restricted to the first of a hundred days," Legal idioms such as "always pardoning". Fourth, the legal effect of amnesty in Song Dynasty is divided into criminal legal effect, administrative and civil legal effect and legal effect to officials. From the criminal point of view, the author focuses on the analysis of the different legal effects of amnesty on the principal punishment and the subordinate punishment, as well as a series of problems such as "moving the countryside" after the pardon of the penalty. Administrative and civil aspects mainly from the reduction of public rental tax and exemption from private debt two aspects: the impact of amnesty on the bureaucratic stratum mainly from the general bureaucracy of the promotion of the two angles and the amount of the transfer of officials to the left to carry on the analysis. Fifth, the last part briefly analyzes the reason why the amnesty system has not been abolished in the year 2000, and emphatically analyzes the special background of the special era when the system of pardon and pardon reached its peak in the Song Dynasty.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D929;D924.1
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