本文選題：穆塞韋尼 + 憲政改革��； 參考：《湘潭大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：烏干達(dá)被譽(yù)為非洲大陸一顆耀眼的明珠。而烏干達(dá)的憲政改革的成果，同樣在非洲大陸分外奪目。穆塞韋尼任期的憲政改革是在非洲各國(guó)從軍政權(quán)向民選政府的國(guó)際潮流趨勢(shì)下，平穩(wěn)而順利進(jìn)行的。烏干達(dá)民眾推翻阿明軍政權(quán)之后，在穆塞韋尼總統(tǒng)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，努力振興國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)，同時(shí)穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)憲政改革。烏干達(dá)國(guó)內(nèi)政局平穩(wěn)，使得經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展勢(shì)頭良好。正如鄧小平同志曾說：“我們?cè)u(píng)價(jià)一個(gè)國(guó)家的政治體制、政治結(jié)構(gòu)和政策是否正確，關(guān)鍵是看三條:第一是看國(guó)家的政局是否穩(wěn)定;第二是看能否增進(jìn)人民的團(tuán)結(jié)，改善人民的生活;第三是看生產(chǎn)力能否得到持續(xù)發(fā)展。①?gòu)臑醺蛇_(dá)憲政改革實(shí)際情況而言，烏干達(dá)的憲政改革成果是可喜的。 烏干達(dá)憲政改革的過程，雖歷經(jīng)波折，但成功抵達(dá)勝利的彼岸。穆塞韋尼1986年上臺(tái)執(zhí)政以來，烏干達(dá)一直是采用無黨制，然而2005年7月進(jìn)行的全民公決，絕大多數(shù)烏干達(dá)民眾要求實(shí)行多黨制。因而烏干達(dá)決定實(shí)行多黨制。2005年，烏干達(dá)議會(huì)對(duì)現(xiàn)行憲法進(jìn)行修改。并通過憲法修正案，使烏干達(dá)憲法更加完善。烏干達(dá)憲政改革主要是在穆塞韋尼政府執(zhí)政期間進(jìn)行的。其憲政改革全面且深入，使烏干達(dá)憲政改革在非洲大陸大放異彩。 本文擬探究穆塞韋尼任期的憲政改革，限于篇幅，，主要是探討穆塞韋尼總統(tǒng)執(zhí)政期間的憲政改革內(nèi)容與影響。尤其是目前北非與中東各國(guó)政局動(dòng)蕩的局勢(shì)之下給各國(guó)的啟示。全文主體分為四個(gè)部分，第一個(gè)部分闡述憲政改革的國(guó)內(nèi)背景與國(guó)際環(huán)境，主要闡述烏干達(dá)國(guó)內(nèi)外環(huán)境對(duì)穆塞韋尼憲政改革的影響，以及探討為什么要采取憲政改革的原因，還有非洲民主化浪潮對(duì)烏干達(dá)憲政的影響。第二部分是闡述憲政改革的主要內(nèi)容，尤其是1995年烏干達(dá)新憲法的制定與憲法修正案等內(nèi)容。第三部分闡述憲政改革的影響，主要涉及憲政改革對(duì)烏干達(dá)政局、多黨制以及司法獨(dú)立的影響。第四部分則對(duì)憲政改革的啟示進(jìn)行闡述以及其憲政改革存在的障礙。在結(jié)語(yǔ)處，筆者將對(duì)憲政改革進(jìn)行高度的概括，并將憲政改革成果因素進(jìn)行總結(jié)。
[Abstract]:Uganda is known as a dazzling pearl on the African continent. The fruits of Uganda's constitutional reforms are also striking on the continent. Museveni's constitutional reform was carried out smoothly and smoothly in the international trend from military power to elected government. Following the overthrow of Amin's military regime, the Ugandan people, under President Museveni, worked to revitalize the national economy while steadily advancing constitutional reform. Uganda's domestic political situation is stable, making the economic development momentum good. As Comrade Deng Xiaoping once said, "the key to our assessment of a country's political system, political structure and policy is to see three things: first, whether the country's political situation is stable; and second, whether we can enhance the unity of the people." Improving the lives of the people; third, depending on the sustainable development of productivity, the results of Uganda's constitutional reform are welcome in terms of the actual situation of the constitutional reform in Uganda. Although the process of constitutional reform in Uganda has experienced twists and turns, it has succeeded in reaching the other side of victory. Since Museveni came to power in 1986, Uganda has adopted a non-party system. However, in a referendum held in July 2005, a majority of Ugandans demanded a multi-party system. Uganda therefore decided to adopt a multi-party system. In 2005, the Ugandan Parliament amended the current Constitution. And pass constitutional amendment, make Uganda constitution more perfect. Uganda's constitutional reform took place mainly during the Museveni government. Its constitutional reform is comprehensive and profound, which makes Uganda's constitutional reform shine brilliantly on the African continent. This paper intends to explore the constitutional reform of Museveni's term of office, which is limited to space, and mainly discusses the content and influence of the constitutional reform during President Museveni's administration. In particular, the current situation in North Africa and the Middle East under the political turmoil to countries enlightenment. The main body of the paper is divided into four parts. The first part expounds the domestic background and international environment of constitutional reform, mainly expounds the influence of Uganda's domestic and foreign environment on Museveni's constitutional reform, and probes into the reasons why constitutional reform should be adopted. There is also the impact of the wave of democratization in Africa on the constitutionalism of Uganda. The second part expounds the main contents of constitutional reform, especially the constitution of Uganda in 1995. The third part expounds the influence of constitutional reform, mainly on the influence of constitutional reform on Uganda's political situation, multi-party system and judicial independence. The fourth part expounds the enlightenment of constitutional reform and the obstacles of constitutional reform. In the conclusion, the author will sum up the constitutional reform and the factors of the constitutional reform.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D942.6

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