本文選題：國(guó)民政府 + 民事審判�。� 參考：《南京師范大學(xué)》2008年博士論文

【摘要】： 在中國(guó)民事審判制度現(xiàn)代化的進(jìn)程中,南京國(guó)民政府時(shí)期民事審判制度的建構(gòu)具有重要的理論意義和歷史價(jià)值,值得研究與探討。首先,南京國(guó)民政府民事審判制度是隨著近代中國(guó)社會(huì)內(nèi)部轉(zhuǎn)型、外部矛盾的演化,在承繼民國(guó)前期民事審判制度成果的前提下,繼續(xù)以大陸法系國(guó)家民事審判制度為藍(lán)本而構(gòu)造的民事審判法律體系,它與特定的社會(huì)背景相聯(lián)系,受?chē)?guó)民黨政治綱領(lǐng)的指導(dǎo),盡管也提倡審判獨(dú)立。其次,南京國(guó)民政府民事審判是在法律范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行的,主要由各級(jí)法院民事審判庭及縣司法處民庭承辦,審級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)由“四級(jí)三審制”走向“三級(jí)三審制”,再走向“三級(jí)為原則,二審為例外”。法院審判組織形式有獨(dú)任庭和合議庭之分,分別審理不同類(lèi)型的民事案件。第三,南京國(guó)民政府從實(shí)際出發(fā),在民事審判立法與司法中確立了尊重當(dāng)事人意愿、誠(chéng)實(shí)信用等基本原則,以詮釋當(dāng)時(shí)民事審判的基本精神,指導(dǎo)民事審判工作實(shí)踐。第四,管轄、回避、證據(jù)、調(diào)解作為民事審判的主要制度,在國(guó)民政府民事審判中發(fā)揮著極其重要的作用。因?yàn)楣茌犞贫仁箤徟许樌_(kāi)始,回避制度確保審判過(guò)程和審判結(jié)果的公正,證據(jù)制度是審判工作的核心,而調(diào)解是民事審判的有效補(bǔ)充。在程序規(guī)范上,南京國(guó)民政府民事審判制度緊緊圍繞保證國(guó)家正確適用法律、保護(hù)當(dāng)事人合法權(quán)益、確保公正審判順利進(jìn)行而設(shè)計(jì)的。作為司法機(jī)關(guān)及其工作人員,只有嚴(yán)格按照程序規(guī)范審理,才能確保法院查明案件事實(shí),正確適用實(shí)體法。此外,在監(jiān)督機(jī)制上,南京國(guó)民政府時(shí)期,形成了多部門(mén)監(jiān)督、大范圍關(guān)注民事審判的格局,在一定程度上為保障司法公正、提高司法權(quán)威提供了保障。綜觀國(guó)民政府時(shí)期的民事審判制度,不僅體系完備、內(nèi)容詳盡,而且適用性強(qiáng)。它不斷適應(yīng)社會(huì)生活的變化及時(shí)調(diào)整內(nèi)容,不斷完善立法,使其實(shí)現(xiàn)公正裁判的價(jià)值,真正維護(hù)當(dāng)事人利益,保障社會(huì)穩(wěn)定。南京國(guó)民政府在中國(guó)民事審判制度現(xiàn)代化的道路上邁出了值得肯定的步伐,也給當(dāng)代民事訴訟法制建設(shè)以一定的啟迪,對(duì)當(dāng)下中國(guó)民事審判制度的改革具有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義,盡管南京國(guó)民政府的民事審判制度有某些局限,但它的歷史地位是不可忽視的。
[Abstract]:In the process of modernization of civil trial system in China, the construction of civil trial system in the period of Nanjing National Government has important theoretical significance and historical value, which is worth studying and discussing. First of all, the civil trial system of the Nanjing National Government is following the internal transformation of modern Chinese society, the evolution of external contradictions, under the premise of inheriting the achievements of civil trial system in the early period of the Republic of China. The civil trial legal system, which is based on the civil trial system of the continental law system, is related to the specific social background and guided by the Kuomintang's political program, although it also advocates the independence of the trial. Secondly, the civil trial of the Nanjing National Government is conducted within the scope of the law, mainly undertaken by the civil divisions of the courts at all levels and the civil courts of the county judicial offices, and the structure of the trial levels is changed from the "four-level three-instance system" to the "third-triple-instance system". The principle of "three levels is the principle, and the second instance is the exception". There are separate and collegial courts to try different types of civil cases. Thirdly, the Nanjing National Government has established the basic principles of respecting the will of the parties, honesty and credit in the legislation and administration of civil trial in order to interpret the basic spirit of the civil trial at that time and guide the civil trial practice. Fourth, jurisdiction, avoidance, evidence and mediation, as the main system of civil trial, play an extremely important role in the civil trial of the National Government. Because the jurisdiction system makes the trial start smoothly, the challenge system ensures the justice of the trial process and the trial result, the evidence system is the core of the trial work, and the mediation is the effective supplement of the civil trial. In the procedural standard, the civil trial system of Nanjing National Government is tightly designed to ensure the correct application of the law, the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of the parties, and the smooth progress of the fair trial. As a judicial organ and its staff, only in strict accordance with procedural norms can the court find out the facts of the case and apply the substantive law correctly. In addition, in the supervision mechanism, in the period of Nanjing National Government, the multi-department supervision was formed, and the pattern of civil trial was paid more attention to, to a certain extent, it provided the guarantee for the protection of judicial justice and the improvement of judicial authority. The civil trial system in the period of the National Government is not only complete, detailed, but also applicable. It constantly adapts to the changes of social life, adjusts the content in time, continuously consummates the legislation, makes it realize the value of fair judgment, truly maintains the interests of the parties, and guarantees social stability. The Nanjing National Government has taken positive steps on the road of modernization of China's civil trial system, and has also given some enlightenment to the legal construction of contemporary civil litigation, which has practical significance for the current reform of China's civil trial system. Although the civil trial system of Nanjing National Government has some limitations, its historical position can not be ignored.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D929;D925.1

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