本文選題：涉外產(chǎn)品責(zé)任 + 法律沖突��； 參考：《湘潭大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著全球經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化的進(jìn)程加快,國(guó)際間的經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易往來(lái)急劇增多,國(guó)際間的產(chǎn)品流動(dòng)性空前擴(kuò)大,在各國(guó)產(chǎn)品責(zé)任法的規(guī)定存在差異的基礎(chǔ)上,涉外產(chǎn)品責(zé)任的糾紛日益頻繁,這也使得涉外產(chǎn)品責(zé)任的法律適用問(wèn)題復(fù)雜化和多樣化。而美國(guó)的特殊之處在于涉外產(chǎn)品責(zé)任法律沖突不僅包括美國(guó)與他國(guó)之間的法律沖突(“國(guó)際沖突”),而且還包括其國(guó)內(nèi)州與州之間的法律沖突(“州際沖突”),這就使得美國(guó)的涉外產(chǎn)品責(zé)任案件的法律適用更加復(fù)雜化、特色化。本文主要闡述的是美國(guó)州際之間因法律沖突而產(chǎn)生的法律適用問(wèn)題。本文先從美國(guó)涉外產(chǎn)品責(zé)任法律適用的理論方法出發(fā),詳細(xì)闡述了這些方法的理論基礎(chǔ)以及在實(shí)踐中的運(yùn)用,然后采用實(shí)證分析法、比較分析法對(duì)相關(guān)案例進(jìn)行分析,最后結(jié)合我國(guó)當(dāng)前涉外產(chǎn)品責(zé)任法律適用的動(dòng)態(tài)現(xiàn)狀,希望從美國(guó)涉外產(chǎn)品責(zé)任法律實(shí)務(wù)中汲取經(jīng)驗(yàn),完善我國(guó)涉外產(chǎn)品責(zé)任法律適用制度。 本文分為三個(gè)部分,其結(jié)構(gòu)安排如下: 第一部分闡述了研究美國(guó)涉外產(chǎn)品責(zé)任法律適用的背景和理論實(shí)踐意義,考察了當(dāng)前國(guó)內(nèi)外涉外產(chǎn)品責(zé)任法律適用的依據(jù)或條約,以及取得的一系列成果和不足之處,這為本文的后面部分提供理論基礎(chǔ)和指導(dǎo)。 第二部分詳細(xì)闡述了美國(guó)涉外產(chǎn)品責(zé)任法律適用的理論方法。美國(guó)在處理涉外產(chǎn)品責(zé)任法律沖突時(shí),最經(jīng)常運(yùn)用的理論和方法有侵權(quán)行為地法、政府利益分析法、最密切聯(lián)系原則,這部分詳細(xì)闡述了這三種理論方法的具體內(nèi)容以及各自的特點(diǎn)。 第三部分考察美國(guó)法院處理涉外產(chǎn)品責(zé)任法律沖突的實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn),在案例分析的基礎(chǔ)上根據(jù)法官選擇法律的視角和判決的結(jié)果總結(jié)歸納出上述理論方法的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺陷,這些結(jié)論為下文中涉外產(chǎn)品責(zé)任法律適用對(duì)我國(guó)的啟示部分做好鋪墊。 第四部分總結(jié)歸納美國(guó)涉外產(chǎn)品責(zé)任法律適用對(duì)我國(guó)的啟示。我國(guó)當(dāng)前涉外產(chǎn)品責(zé)任法律適用的動(dòng)態(tài)現(xiàn)狀正處于一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折期。因?yàn)橛?011年4月1日生效實(shí)施的《涉外民事關(guān)系法律適用法》第45條的出臺(tái)為我國(guó)涉外產(chǎn)品責(zé)任法律適用提供了新的依據(jù),而在之前是援用傳統(tǒng)單一的侵權(quán)行為地法。基于對(duì)美國(guó)涉外產(chǎn)品責(zé)任法律適用和我國(guó)涉外產(chǎn)品責(zé)任法律適用的分析,我們應(yīng)該從美國(guó)法律實(shí)務(wù)中汲取經(jīng)驗(yàn),以完善我國(guó)相關(guān)立法,并更好地保護(hù)消費(fèi)者的合法權(quán)益。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of the process of global economic integration, the international economic and trade exchanges have increased sharply, and the international product mobility has expanded unprecedentedly, on the basis of the differences in the provisions of the product liability laws of various countries.The disputes about foreign product liability are becoming more and more frequent, which makes the legal application of foreign product liability more complicated and diversified.The special feature of the United States is that conflicts of laws relating to foreign product liability include not only conflicts of law between the United States and other countries ("international conflicts"), but also conflicts of laws between states within the United States ("interstate conflicts").This further complicates the application of the law in foreign product liability cases in the United States.Characteristic.This paper mainly deals with the application of law between states in the United States due to conflict of laws.Starting from the theory and method of the application of foreign product liability law in the United States, this paper elaborates the theoretical basis of these methods and their application in practice, and then uses the empirical analysis method and comparative analysis method to analyze the relevant cases.Finally, combining with the dynamic situation of the application of the foreign product liability law in our country, we hope to learn the experience from the foreign product liability law practice in the United States, and perfect our country's foreign product liability law application system.This paper is divided into three parts, the structure of which is as follows:The first part expounds the background and theoretical and practical significance of the study on the application of foreign product liability laws in the United States, and examines the basis or treaties for the legal application of foreign product liability at home and abroad, as well as a series of achievements and deficiencies.This provides the theoretical basis and guidance for the later part of this paper.The second part elaborates the theory and method of the application of the foreign product liability law in the United States.The most frequently used theories and methods used by the United States in dealing with conflicts of laws concerning foreign product liability include the law of the territory of tort, the analysis of government interests, and the principle of the closest connection.This part elaborates the concrete contents of the three theoretical methods and their respective characteristics.The third part investigates the practical experience of American courts in dealing with conflicts of law concerning foreign product liability. On the basis of case analysis, it summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of the above theoretical methods according to the angle of view of judge selection law and the result of judgment.These conclusions pave the way for the enlightenment of the application of foreign product liability law to our country.The fourth part summarizes the enlightenment to our country from the application of foreign product liability law in the United States.At present, the application of foreign product liability law in China is in a turning point.The introduction of Article 45 of the Law on the legal Application of Foreign Civil Relations, which came into effect on April 1, 2011, provides a new basis for the legal application of foreign product liability in our country.Based on the analysis of the legal application of foreign product liability in the United States and the legal application of foreign product liability in our country, we should draw experience from the practice of American law in order to perfect the relevant legislation of our country and better protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D971.2;D923

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