本文選題：買賣　切入點：租賃　出處：《環(huán)球法律評論》2017年03期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：在《法學階梯》中,羅馬法學家蓋尤斯向他的學生講述了羅馬法中買賣和租賃的異同:兩者都是合意契約,它們之間存在"親密的聯(lián)系";而物的返還是區(qū)分這兩種契約的主要要素。同時,他又提出了兩種存在疑問的情形:公田永久租賃以及角斗士奴隸。由于這兩種情形的特殊性,羅馬法學家很難將它們劃分到租賃契約或者買賣契約中。公田永久租賃的案例中,在沒有定期支付租金的情況下存在物的返還,應視為租賃契約。但是直至今日,大多數理論仍將角斗士奴隸的案例解釋為兩種"異類契約",并認為它們是附條件契約的特例,其效力可以追溯到契約締結之時。而筆者認為,契約在締結之時已經要件完備且產生效力,不同的"條件"并不是用來確認契約的法律屬性,而是用來在事件發(fā)生時確定是哪種契約的情形,并且不具有溯及力。
[Abstract]:In the legal ladder, the Roman jurist Gaius tells his students about the similarities and differences between buying and selling and leasing in Roman law: both are consensual contracts. There was an "intimate connection" between them; and the return of things was the main element of the distinction between the two contracts. At the same time, he proposed two questionable situations: the permanent lease of Takeda and the Gladiator slaves. Because of the particularity of these two situations, It is difficult for Roman jurists to divide them into leases or sales contracts. In the case of a permanent lease in Okada, the return of the existence without a fixed rent payment should be regarded as a lease contract. But to this day, Most theories still interpret the case of gladiator slaves as two kinds of "heterogeneous contracts", and consider them to be special cases of conditional contracts whose effects can be traced back to the time when the contracts were concluded. When the contract is concluded, the elements are complete and effective. Different "conditions" are not used to confirm the legal attributes of the contract, but to determine which contract is the case at the time of the event, and it has no retroactive effect.
【作者單位】： 羅馬第一大學;中南財經政法大學;
【分類號】：D904.1

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