本文關(guān)鍵詞： 繼承 習(xí)慣法 特留份 繼承順位　出處：《四川省社會(huì)科學(xué)院》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：繼承制度是我國(guó)民事法律制度的重要組成部分。我國(guó)繼承法頒布三十多年,隨著改革開(kāi)放的深入推進(jìn),我國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)狀況都發(fā)生了巨大變化。在我國(guó)民法典正在編纂的背景下,探討繼承法與國(guó)家法的沖突和協(xié)調(diào)問(wèn)題對(duì)完善繼承制度,編纂一部具有中國(guó)民族特色、適合中國(guó)國(guó)情的民法典有重要的理論和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。我國(guó)繼承習(xí)慣法有著數(shù)千年的歷史傳承,隨著我國(guó)改革開(kāi)放的深入,社會(huì)環(huán)境的變化,特別是不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記制度的推進(jìn),習(xí)慣法與國(guó)家法之間的沖突更為顯著。因此,筆者從繼承習(xí)慣法和國(guó)家法的沖突和協(xié)調(diào)為中心展開(kāi)論述。本文共分四章。第一章,繼承制度的習(xí)慣法和國(guó)家法。概述繼承制度的概念、繼承的本質(zhì)特征及繼承習(xí)慣法和國(guó)家法的關(guān)系。概述西方國(guó)家習(xí)慣法、國(guó)家法及教會(huì)法的歷史變遷。通過(guò)歷史的、國(guó)際的視角對(duì)習(xí)慣法和國(guó)家法的關(guān)系變化進(jìn)行初步探討。第二章,我國(guó)繼承習(xí)慣法傳統(tǒng)及現(xiàn)實(shí)適用。本章介紹了我國(guó)繼承習(xí)慣法的古代法律淵源,重點(diǎn)是唐宋時(shí)期與今天習(xí)慣法有緊密聯(lián)系的制度,并分析了古代繼承制度的特點(diǎn)及與今天習(xí)慣法的傳承,最后分析了繼承習(xí)慣法在我國(guó)現(xiàn)實(shí)中的適用情況。第三章,我國(guó)繼承習(xí)慣法與國(guó)家法的沖突分析。本章首先分析了繼承習(xí)慣法和國(guó)家法沖突的表現(xiàn)形式,從繼承順位、遺囑自由的限制、程序方面的沖突等方面進(jìn)行了分析,并從文化背景、法律移植與民族習(xí)慣、立法技術(shù)等原因進(jìn)行了分析。第四章,我國(guó)繼承習(xí)慣法與國(guó)家法的協(xié)調(diào)及建議。本章是本文的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容。筆者首先分析了繼承習(xí)慣法和國(guó)家法應(yīng)遵循的原則和路徑。建議借鑒我國(guó)古代繼承傳統(tǒng)和繼承習(xí)慣法以及西方的立法經(jīng)驗(yàn),主要從繼承順位、對(duì)遺囑自由的限制、立法空白等方面對(duì)我國(guó)的立法給出自己的建議。對(duì)遺囑自由,筆者建議遺囑從遺囑的受益對(duì)象、遺囑處分份額、舉證責(zé)任三方面對(duì)遺囑進(jìn)行限制。對(duì)繼承順位,筆者建議第一順位是子女及后嗣,父母為第二順位,配偶作為特殊順位,并從多個(gè)角度闡述了筆者的理由。總之,筆者希望從中華民族的民族特色和文化傳承的立場(chǎng)對(duì)我國(guó)的習(xí)慣法和國(guó)家法的沖突和協(xié)調(diào)提供一個(gè)新的視角。
[Abstract]:Inheritance system is an important part of China's civil legal system. With the deepening of reform and opening up, China's inheritance law has been promulgated for more than 30 years. Great changes have taken place in the economic and social situation of our country. Under the background that the civil code of our country is being compiled, it is necessary to discuss the conflict and coordination between the inheritance law and the national law to perfect the inheritance system and compile a book with Chinese national characteristics. The Civil Code, which is suitable for China's national conditions, has important theoretical and practical significance. China's customary law of inheritance has been inherited for thousands of years. With the deepening of China's reform and opening up, the social environment has changed, especially the promotion of the real estate registration system. The conflict between customary law and national law is more obvious. Therefore, the author discusses the conflict and coordination between customary law and national law. This paper is divided into four chapters. Customary law and national law of inheritance system. The concept of inheritance system, the essential characteristics of inheritance and the relationship between customary law and international law. The historical changes of customary law, state law and church law of western countries. From the international perspective, the relationship between customary law and national law is preliminarily discussed. Chapter two, the tradition of inheritance customary law in China and its practical application. This chapter introduces the ancient legal sources of customary law of inheritance in China. The emphasis is on the system which is closely related to the customary law of the Tang and Song dynasties, and analyzes the characteristics of the ancient inheritance system and its inheritance with today's customary law. Finally, it analyzes the application of the customary law of inheritance in the reality of our country. This chapter first analyzes the forms of conflict between inheritance customary law and national law, including succession order, the restriction of will freedom, the conflict of procedure and so on. And from the cultural background, legal transplantation and national customs, legislative technology and other reasons for analysis. 4th chapter, This chapter is the main content of this paper. Firstly, the author analyzes the principles and paths of inheritance customary law and national law, and suggests to draw lessons from the ancient inheritance tradition and inheritance of our country. Customary law and Western legislative experience, Mainly from the following aspects: succession, restrictions on the freedom of will, legislative blank and other aspects of the legislation of our country to give their own advice. For the freedom of will, the author suggests that the will from the object of benefit, will disposition share, The burden of proof limits the will in three aspects. For succession, the author suggests that the first order is children and heirs, the parents second, the spouse as a special rank, and the author's reasons from several angles. The author hopes to provide a new angle of view for the conflict and coordination of Chinese customary law and national law from the standpoint of national characteristics and cultural heritage of the Chinese nation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川省社會(huì)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D920.4

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本文編號(hào)：1529350