本文關(guān)鍵詞： 周期性立法后評估 對抗式評估機(jī)制 評估表決機(jī)制　出處：《中國海洋大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著中國特色社會主義法律體系的完善,立法學(xué)界將關(guān)注的焦點逐步轉(zhuǎn)移到提高立法質(zhì)量上來。其中,建立立法后評估制度是提高立法質(zhì)量的重要手段。立法后評估制度在我國是一個嶄新的制度,但其在法治發(fā)達(dá)國家已經(jīng)實施了幾十年的時間。作為立法工作的延續(xù),我國部分省市展開了對立法后評估的實踐探索,對于提高我國的立法水平和法律法規(guī)、規(guī)章和規(guī)范性文件的質(zhì)量產(chǎn)生了重大的意義。但是我國的立法后評估并沒有形成規(guī)范的統(tǒng)一的模式,亟需進(jìn)行有效地制度整合,以期達(dá)到更好的評估效果。目前學(xué)界對于立法后評估制度化的研究與我們所需要的規(guī)范化、常態(tài)化、制度化還有一定的差距。本文對立法后評估中的分歧較大的焦點問題,和影響立法后評估進(jìn)程的節(jié)點問題展開了重點討論。 本文第一章簡述了立法后評估的基本構(gòu)成要素,這主要包括立法后評估的內(nèi)涵、理論基礎(chǔ)和意義等。 第二章闡述立法后評估的啟動模式。筆者將立法后評估的啟動模式分類成常規(guī)的啟動模式和緊急的啟動模式。在常規(guī)的啟動模式中,筆者借用了“日落法律”制度,也就是法律的有效期制度。為了避免法律有效期過長導(dǎo)致法律修改和廢止的困境,筆者又獨創(chuàng)設(shè)計了周期性評估制度,對法律法規(guī)的合法性、有效性和可操作性進(jìn)行周期性評估,以保證其適應(yīng)時代發(fā)展的需要。為了防止即時發(fā)現(xiàn)的法律法規(guī)的重大瑕疵對公民造成的不利益,筆者在常規(guī)的立法后評估啟動模式之外設(shè)計了緊急性立法后評估的提起模式。緊急立法后評估的啟動需要有嚴(yán)格的限制,以防止評估啟動的混亂。 第三章討論立法后評估主體確定問題。這一章首先討論了建立專門的立法后評估主導(dǎo)機(jī)構(gòu)的必要性。其次,該章討論了立法后評估參與者的構(gòu)成。在分析指出了一元評估模式和傳統(tǒng)多元模式的不足后,提出了建立由立法者、執(zhí)法者和司法者、利益相關(guān)方、專家組和中立評價方參加的對抗式評估的觀點。 第四章討論立法后評估五方表決機(jī)制引入的可能性。為了防止立法主體對評估結(jié)論回應(yīng)阻滯,筆者提出人大及其常委會在通過立法后評估委員會表決結(jié)果時采取“反向一致”原則。立法后評估的表決機(jī)制引入的意義在于,建立表決和法律修改、廢止之間的映射關(guān)系,使立法后評估的效果落在實處。 文章最后筆者提出了對立法后評估機(jī)構(gòu)職能的進(jìn)一步探索。由于立法后評估涉及合法性評估,而立法后評估委員會的組成人員又具有較高的權(quán)威性和知識的專業(yè)性,可以使立法后評估機(jī)構(gòu)兼職違憲審查機(jī)構(gòu)。由于和本論文闡述內(nèi)容距離較遠(yuǎn),筆者只是簡單提出了這樣的藍(lán)圖,以期對有志于此的同仁起到拋磚引玉的作用。
[Abstract]:With the perfection of the legal system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the legislative circles have gradually shifted the focus of attention to improving the quality of legislation. Among them, The establishment of post-legislative evaluation system is an important means to improve the quality of legislation. The post-legislative evaluation system is a new system in China, but it has been implemented in developed countries with the rule of law for several decades. Some provinces and cities in China have carried out practical exploration of post-legislative evaluation, which will improve the level of legislation and laws and regulations of our country. The quality of regulations and normative documents has great significance. However, the post-legislative evaluation of our country has not formed a unified model of norms, and it is urgent to carry out effective institutional integration. In order to achieve a better evaluation effect. The current academic research on the institutionalization of post-legislative evaluation and our needs of standardization, normalization, institutionalization, there is still a certain gap. And the impact of the process of post-legislative evaluation node issues were discussed. The first chapter of this paper briefly describes the basic elements of post-legislative evaluation, which mainly includes the connotation, theoretical basis and significance of post-legislative evaluation. In the second chapter, the author classifies the startup mode of post-legislative assessment into conventional startup mode and emergency start mode. In the conventional startup mode, the author borrows the sunset law system. In order to avoid the dilemmas of law revision and repeal caused by the excessive validity of the law, the author has also designed a periodic evaluation system to the legality of laws and regulations. Periodic evaluation of effectiveness and maneuverability to ensure that it meets the needs of the times. In order to prevent the immediate discovery of major flaws in laws and regulations that do not benefit citizens, In addition to the conventional post-legislative assessment starting mode, the author designs the emergency post-legislative evaluation model, which needs to be strictly limited to prevent confusion. The third chapter discusses the problem of determining the subject of post-legislative assessment. This chapter first discusses the necessity of establishing a special post-legislative evaluation lead agency. The chapter discusses the composition of participants in the post-legislative assessment. After analyzing the shortcomings of the univariate assessment model and the traditional pluralistic model, it proposes the establishment of a system of legislators, law enforcers and judiciaries, stakeholders, The views of the panel and neutral evaluators on confrontational assessments. Chapter 4th discusses the possibility of introducing the five-party voting mechanism in post-legislative evaluation. The author puts forward that the people's Congress and its standing Committee adopt the principle of "reverse consistency" when they pass the voting results of the post-legislative evaluation committee. The significance of introducing the voting mechanism of post-legislative evaluation is to establish a mapping relationship between voting, legal amendment and repeal. The effect of the post-legislative evaluation is put into practice. At the end of the paper, the author puts forward a further exploration of the functions of the post-legislative evaluation body. Since the post-legislative evaluation involves the evaluation of legality, the members of the post-legislative evaluation committee are highly authoritative and professional. It is possible to make the post-legislative evaluation organization part-time unconstitutional review body. Because of the distance from the content of this paper, I simply put forward such a blueprint, in order to play a role in guiding the colleagues who wish to do so.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D920.0

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 陳書全;;論我國立法后評估啟動的常態(tài)化[J];法學(xué)論壇;2012年03期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 宋丹;論省級人民政府規(guī)章的立法后評估制度[D];內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué);2013年

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本文編號：1516617