發(fā)布時間：2018-01-20 21:00

  本文關鍵詞： 南京臨時政府 人權立法 人權保障　出處：《山東大學》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：本論文力求用中國的人權歷史詮釋中國的人權實踐。自從人權概念在近代傳入中國后,學者們就沒有停止過人權研究的腳步。人權思想和人權立法的研究是人權研究本應相互契合的兩個方面。對于人權思想史的研究,無論在國內還是國外均達到了相當高的水平,,但對于人權制度史、立法史的研究則還是出于萌芽狀態(tài)。 人權保障制度的產生與發(fā)展,甚至其不足或失敗,都與其思想母源存在著深刻的聯(lián)系,探討二者的互動關系,有助于我們理解和把握在特定歷史際遇下人權思想與人權制度是如何關聯(lián)的。本文首先論述了南京臨時政府時期人權思潮產生的歷史背景和主要內容。在創(chuàng)立統(tǒng)一的資產階級民主共和國的過程中,革命政要孫中山以政治家的宏大膽略和寬闊視野,提出了以三民主義為理論基礎的人權思想,為新生的共和國勾勒出了宏偉的法律藍圖。內憂外患的政治局勢促使民族主義思想成為實現(xiàn)人權的信號,法學家群體紛紛提出了自己的人權理念,人權觀念蔚然成風。隨著西方人權觀念的不斷傳播,以及清末法政教育的興起,為人權思潮的興起奠定了堅實的社會基礎。沒有脫離思想的制度,也沒有毫無制度寓意的思想,故此本文分別從生存權、平等權、自由權、受教育權等方面針對當時人權思潮的主要內容進行了分析。 人權的每一寸進步,人的權利的每一次擴大,都是主體努力爭取的結果。本文以人權立法為主線,探究臨時政府時期制定的人權約法,首先分析了在當時特定歷史環(huán)境下的立法原則,并與當時人權思想相對應,分別從平等權、自由權、財產權、受教育權、特殊群體權利等方面搜集了大量歷史資料和文獻,論述了該時期人權立法的主要內容、人權實施的制度保障、產生的社會效果等。 最后,本文站在時代的角度,對南京臨時政府時期人權立法與人權保障進行了理性的思考,分析了其留給后代的寶貴經驗,并從內因和外因角度總結了其失敗的原因,以期從歷史的角度重新認識南京臨時政府時期的人權問題,并為我國人權制度的發(fā)展提供經驗。
[Abstract]:This thesis tries to use the history of human rights in China to interpret the practice of human rights in China since the concept of human rights was introduced into China in modern times. Scholars have never stopped studying human rights. The study of human rights thought and human rights legislation are two aspects of human rights research which should be in agreement with each other, and the study on the history of human rights thought. Both at home and abroad have reached a very high level, but for the history of human rights system, the history of legislation is still from the embryonic state. The emergence and development of the human rights guarantee system, even its deficiency or failure, have a profound connection with its source of thought, and discuss the interactive relationship between the two. It is helpful for us to understand and grasp how the thought of human rights and the human rights system are related under the specific historical circumstances. This paper first discusses the historical background and main contents of the trend of thought on human rights in the period of Nanjing Provisional Government. The first is the process of bourgeois democratic republic. With the great courage and broad vision of the statesman, the revolutionary dignitaries Sun Zhongshan put forward the human rights thought based on the three people's principles. Drew a grand legal blueprint for the new republic. The internal and external political situation prompted nationalism to become the signal of the realization of human rights, jurists have put forward their own concept of human rights. With the spread of western human rights concepts and the rise of legal and political education in the late Qing Dynasty, it laid a solid social foundation for the rise of human rights thoughts and did not break away from the ideological system. Therefore, this paper analyzes the main contents of the current trend of human rights from the aspects of the right to existence, the right to equality, the right to freedom, the right to education and so on. Every inch of progress in human rights and every expansion of human rights are the result of the main body's efforts. This paper takes human rights legislation as the main line to explore the human rights law made during the interim government. First of all, it analyzes the legislative principles in the specific historical environment at that time, and corresponding to the thought of human rights at that time, respectively from the equal rights, the right to freedom, the right to property, the right to education. A large number of historical materials and documents have been collected on the rights of special groups, and the main contents of human rights legislation in this period, the system protection of human rights implementation and the social effects have been discussed. Finally, from the perspective of the times, this paper makes a rational thinking on the human rights legislation and human rights protection during the period of Nanjing Provisional Government, and analyzes its valuable experience left to future generations. It also summarizes the reasons of its failure from the angle of internal and external causes in order to re-understand the human rights problems in Nanjing interim government from the historical point of view and provide experience for the development of human rights system in China.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D929;D921

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本文編號：1449441